Hair waving apparatus



June 24, 1941. E, J, YVEN y 2,246,564

HAIR WAVING- APPARATUS Filed June 5, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR Emi/e J Yuen ATTORNEY June 24? 1941. E. J. YVEN. 2,246,564

HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Filed June s, 1939. 2 sheetsY--sneet'a` INVENTOR i 15- 700 Emi/.1 Yuen Tw I w ATTORNEY satentec .une 24, 1941 HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Emile J. Yven, Jackson Heights, N. Y., assigner to Clairol, Incorporated, Stamford, Conn., a cor poration of Connecticut Application June 3, 1939, Serial No. 277,135

13 claims.

The present invention relates to hair waving apparatus, and is more particularly directed toward apparatus sutablefor use in permanently waving the hair.

In the more common procedure of permanently waving the hair, the hair is passed through an opening in an insulating pad or scalp protector usually made of felt and an exposed clamp is used to secure the scalp protector to the hair so as to` hold it close to the head, and prevent lotions or steam from passing throughthe insulating pad. The tress of hair is then wound on a mandrel and the mandrel secured in place opposite the clamp. Where electric heating is employed a moist flannel or a moist paper pad is placed about the wound hair, the same covered with foil or other impervious material, and either a heater clamp applied outside the foil, or an intrathermal heater inserted into the mandrel. Where chemical heat is employed the wetted chemical pad is applied to the wound hair, a foil or wrapper placed around the pad and a metal clip applied `to hold the foil or wrapper against the hair.

By the expression intrathermal heater, as applied in this application and in reference to hair waving apparatus referred to herein, is meant an interior heating device, the heat eiiect of which is developed by exothermic material.

According to these prior methods of procedure there is nothing to properly conne the hair on the side of the mandrel toward the head, or to prevent the escape of steam. 'Ihis allows about one-fourth of the hair of each coil to sag or form a pouch between the mandrel and clamp so that the curls are not of the desired evenness. The formation of the curl near the scalp is also not as good as the formation-oi the other curls, for this part of the `hair has received-merely a steam vapor` and has not been properly confined so that it slackens instead of being kept under tension. q Al i According to the present invention the wrapper and scalp protector are simultaneously clamped together in such a way that the entire periphery of the' wound coil of .hair is held taut closedown to `the scalp and without any possibility of improper stretch. i

In the permanent waving artit has been customary to employscalp protectors, clamps and winding mandrels, and in some instances wrappers andr absorbent pads, whichwere capable of repeateduse. These become very unsantary as the lotions used, cuthair, salts, creams, dint off the floor and germs'readily. adhere. These delily discarded after a single use.

vices are passed from the head of one customer to the head of another customer without any effort to sterilize the same.

The present invention contemplates the provision of hair waving assemblages for permanent waving either by the electric heating, steam heating, or the machineless methods wherein all parts are made so inexpensively that they can be read- The scalp protector is made out of paper and will be so damaged by a single use as not to be reusable. Owing to its cheapness it can be readily discarded. The winding mandrel may be made of wood, papier-mch, or other light inexpensive material, and thus cheap, so that it can rbe discarded, or the winding mandrel may be of the chemical type which is self-destructive.

By employing the readily discardable parts the customers may be assured that the hair waving operation is carried out under the most sanitary `conditions and that there is a minimum likelihood of transferring infection from one customer to another.

The present invention also contemplates hair waving devices for permanent waving which weigh much less than those customarily used, and lin View of the large number used at one time considerably less load is imposed on the head.

Other and further objects will appear as the description proceeds.

The accompanying drawings show, for purposes of illustrating the presentl invention, several embodiments in which the invention may take form,` it being understood that the drawings are illustrative of the invention rather than limiting the same.

In these drawings:

Figure 1 is a perspective view illustrating two of the parts going to make up one form of scalp protector;

Figure 2 is a perspective View illustrating the complete scalp protector and a winding mandrel with the hair partly wound on it;

Figure 3 is a perspective view illustrating a further stage in the operations for machineless waving with external heating pad;

Figure 4 is a perspective View illustrating the assembled scalpprotector, wrapper and parts while making a machineless wave;

Figures 5 and 6 are cross sectional views on the lines 5--5 and 6-6, respectively, of Figure 4;

Figure 7 is a cross sectional view similar to Figure 5 showing the parts arranged for machine waving;

Figure 8 is a cross sectional view illustrating the modified form of construction where an ordinary reusable scalp protector is employed;

Figures 9` and 10` are perspective views of a further modified form of readily disposable scalp protector;

Figure 11 is a perspective view of a further modified form of readily disposable scalp protector;

Figure 12 illustrates the scalp protector of Figure 1l with wound hair ready for making a curl;

Figures 13 and 14 are perspective views of a still further modified form of construction;

Figure 15 is a perspective view of another form of construction showing the parts separated; and

Figure 16 is a perspective View showing 'them assembled for a waving operation.

The scalp protector shown in Figures l to 7 may conveniently be made out of two sheets of paperlike material, one being cut to the shape indicated at 28 in Figure 1, and the other cut to the shape indicated at 2l in Figure 1. The paper piece 20 is preferably made of comparatively smooth cardboard of considerable strength and preferably has an outer coating of moisture proof material such as sodium silicate, shellac, rubber, lacquer, etc. It has doubled and pasted edges, as indicated at 22 and 23, scored so as to fold up away from the body of the paper as will be obvious. This paper sheet is also scored, as indicated at 24 and 25, so that it can be folded as indicated and has a longitudinally extending slit 26 and a laterally extending slit 2'! which communicates with the slit 26.

The paper piece 2| is preferably made of paper or other material with high insulating value and is of a size to t between the scorings 24 and 25 It has a longitudinally extending slit 29 and laterally extending slit 30 as indicated. The upper surface of the paper piece between scoring line and the flap 22 is coated with suitable adhesive and then the insert 2l is superposed. The nap 3l is then folded over so that the two pieces of paper will be pasted together with the slots in registry.

Prior to this pasting operation clips or cradle forming members 32 may be securedto the ilap 3|, but where such cradles are not desired, they may be omitted. By forming these clips of bent sheet metal it is possible to have supporting portion 32 lengthwise of the scalp protector so as not to cause any bulging of the wrappers used about the wound hair.

When the device shown in Figures 1 and 2 is to be used, a tress of hair is passed in through the slits 2l and 3l! and then spread out in the slits 26 and 29;"-JIhese operations are facilitated by giving the cuts tapered openings as indicated at and 36". The hair is then wound around the mandrel 33 which may be made of wood or papier-mch with corrugated ends 34. f The hair is wound tightly and then the mandrel brought down into the cradle formed by clips 32 and then wound tighter. These clips are preferably resilient and are arranged to enter the notches in the wooden mandrel after the fashion of a pawl, as indicated at 35. During the winding any slack of hair is taken up and the protector pressed toward the head.

Where machineless waving is to be employed a Ichemical pad 3S and a flannel 36 moistened with water or lotion are placed about the wound F hair. An impervious wrapper 3l of foil and paper preferably with pieces of flannel or porous paper', as indicated at 38, is pressed down about the wound tress of hair and one end 39 brought closely adjacent the flap 3| and upwardly extending element 22. The other end 4I) of the wrapper passes down inside the upwardly extending element 23 of the scalp protector and the flaps 4l, as will be clear from the cross sectional views of Figures 5 and 6. When the iiap 4I is pressed down into the position indicated it will push the hair to the left of the slot 29 against the flange 22 as indicated in Figure 5 and will also tighten the wrapper about the wound hair. The operator then places a clamp 43 in the position indicated, so as to securely clamp the wrapper, the upwardly extending elements 22 and 23, and the hair together. 'This at the same time secures the wrapper very tightly about the hair and secures the scalp protector and wrapper together, so that the head is completely protected against the possibility of escaping steam and the hair is held against any undesired expansion at the bottom of the coil. It will be noted from Figure 4 that the cradles or clips 32 have introduced no bulges to be enclosed in the wrapper and hence the latter may be drawn smooth and tight.

vAfter the completion of the waving operation, the parts are removed in reverse order. In removing the scalp protector it is broken so that it may be readily passed by the hair. This destroys the scalp protector.

Where the above devices are to be used in machine waving the chemical pad is omitted, and a moistened annel or paper pad substituted, as indicated at 5i) in Figure '7. The wrapper 38 and clamp 43 are placed in position in the same way and electric heating clamps 52 applied as shown, or the intrathermal heater inserted into the hole 33 in the mandrel 33a.

By employing the light paper scalp protector with thin sheet metal cradles over the mandrel and a wooden or papier-mache mandrel, it is possibleto very materially reduce the weight of the assemblages used for the waving, and in View of the large number of such assemblages necessary for a complete permanent wave, it is apparent that the load imposed on the head is much less than where the conventional construction is employed.

Where it is desired to have available the complete closure of the heating space in a hair waving apparatus of the type in which the scalp protector is used repeatedly, one can employ a structure such as shown in Figure 8. Here the scalp protector is indicated at 53, the mandrel at 54, the chemical heating pad at 55, the flannel at 55 and thewrapper at56. The one end of the wrapper may, if desired, be secured under a clamping element 5l carried by the scalp protector, while the other end of the wrapper is passed under a cooperative clamping element 58.

In the arrangement shown in Figures 9 and 10, the scalp .protector is made of a `piece of cardboard doubled on itself, as indicated, and receiving an insert 6I. The cardboard may be coated, if desired. The lower flap 62 has slits 63 and 64 opposite similar slits 65 and 66 on the insert. The upper ap 61 has a similarA arrangement of slits and carries upwardly extending hair gripping elements 68 and. 69 which. function similar to the elements 22 and 23 of .Figures 1 to 7.

The scalp protector 'l0 shown in Figures 11 and 12 is made out of corrugated cardboard. It has longitudinally and laterally extending slits ll and 'l2 similar to those above described and the slits 'Il receive upwardly extending hair engaging elements 13 and 14. ."I'hewrapper :.15 may be permanently secured to the scalp protector, if

desired. Such a wrapper may be closed about a tress of hair which has been wound around a mandrel and then folded, as indicated in Figure 12, after which it can be clamped by a clamp as indicated at 16. n l

The arrangement shown in Figures 13 and 14 contemplates the making of a seal-p protector by suitably folding a long narrow piece of cardboard as indicated in these gures. This piece of cardboardhas a central body portion 80 with a doubled under and glued element 8| to form a straight edge 8|.` It is scored and pasted, as indicated at 82, to provide a ap 83 adapted to overlie the body portion and having a slit 84 to the rear of the edge 8|. The piece of cardboard is also scored at 85 to provide a top ap 06. This upper ap is slitted, as indicated at B1, to receive L-shaped pieces of cardboard 88 and 89, which provide upwardly extending hair engaging members 90 and 9|. With this arrangement the tress of hair is passed up by the edge 8| and the flap 83 is folded down, the hair being Kpassed through the slit 84, and then the ap 86 folded over and the hair passed between the members 90 and 9|, the parts being then in the .position shown in Figure 14.

The arrangements shown in Figures 9 to 14, inclusive, do not show any means for supporting the mandrel. Any of them may have cradles 32 and the associated wrapper 31, if desired.

In the arrangement shown in Figures 15 and 16 a permanent scalp .protector 90 mad-e of rubber or felt is provided with a slit 9| to receive the hair. It carries a metal frame 92 provided with an upwardly extending slotted cradle 93 at one end and with a reduced extension 94 at the other end. A flexible rubber wrapper 95 is placed between the member 92 and the rubber pad 90 and they are secured to the scalp protector in any suitable way. A mandrel 96 with threaded end 91 carries a wing nut 98 so that the mandrel can be clamped in place on the cradle. After the hair has been Wound `and the chemical heating pad (not shown) inserted, the wrapper 95 is brought around the curl as indicated in Figure 16 and is clamped in place by a clamping device comprising a bar 99 and a ringer lpiece |00. The bar 99 has a notch |0| to engage `a pin |02 and the finger piece extends over the reduced end 94. With this arrangement it will be noted that the wound hair is clamped in place very securely and there is no opportunity for sagging or loosening of the curl. It is obvious that the construction of Figures and 16 can be used for machine waving in which case the wrapper 95 will be made of foil instead of rub-ber.

It is obvious that the invention may be embodied in many forms and constructions within the scope of the claims and I wish it to be understood that the particular forms shown |are but a few of the many forms. Various modifications and changes being possible, I 4do not otherwise limit myself in .any way with respect thereto.

What is claimed is:

1. Hair waving apparatus comprising a scalp protector slotted to receive a tress of hair and normally loosely mounted thereon for displacement from the end towards the root of the hair, a mandrel about which the hair is wound, means for mounting the mandrel on the scalp protector, a wrapper disposed around the wound hair on the mandrel after the hair is partly wound on said mandrel, the edges of the wrapper engaging the protector, and a means securing the ends of the wrapper to clamp the same tightly about the hair and to the vprotector and simultaneously to clamp the protector to the hair so :as to form a steam-tight joint where the hair enters inside the wrapper.

2. Hair waving apparatus comprising a scalp protector slotted to receive a tressof hair having upwardly extending hair gripping elements on opposite sides of the slot, a mandrel -about which the hair is wound, a wrapper about the wound hair on the mandrel, the edges of the wrapper engaging the outside of one of said elements and the inside of the other, and a clamp engaging the exposed end of the wrapper and the outside element `for securing the ends of the wrapper tightly about the hair and to the protector soas to form a steam-tight joint where the hair enters inside the wrapper. l

3. A non-reusable assemblage for use in permanently waving the hair comprising a scalp protector made of readily` destrucible material suitable for a single use only and having a hair receiving slit extending longitudinally along the protector, the same being open at one end of the protector and closed at a point adjacent the other end of the protector and upwardly extending hair gripping elements along the oppositesides of the slit, `a winding mandrel of readily destrucible material about which the tress of hair may be wound and held adjacent the slit, a wrapper adapted to extend about the wound tress of hair and to engage the upwardly extending hair gripping elements, and a fastening member adapted to fit about the ends of the wrapper and the hair gripping elements for clamping the wrapper to the hair gripping elements and the hair gripping elements to the scalp protector, all said parts being inexpensive, substantially sterile when applied and suitable for destruction or discarding after a single use.

4. A hair waving assemblage such as claimed in claim 3, wherein the protector has mandrel supporting means attached thereto `n one side of the slit.

5. A hair waving assemblage such as claimed in claim 3, wherein the protector has a foldable cover element at one side of the slit, said foldable cover element carrying one of the hair gripping elements.

6. A hair waving assemblage such as claimed in claim 3, wherein the protector has mandrel supporting means vattached thereto on one side of the slit, and a foldable cover element at one side of the slit, said foldable cover element carrying one of the hair gripping elements.

7. A hair waving assemblage such as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mandrel comprises a chemical heating element.

8. A device for use in waving the hair comprising a hair receiving member having a longitudinally extending opening through which the hair passes said receiving member being loosely mounted for vertical movement along the hair, a mandrel about which the hair is wound, and mandrel supporting means including a mandrel receiving seat and a seat support extending parallel with the opening and a clamp operating simultaneously to secure the mandrel to the receiving member and the receiving member to the hair.

9. A hair waving construction comprising `a protector assembly, a mandrel and a Wrapper, said protector assembly comprising two elements, each of elongated conformation and having longitudinal slots extending from one end of each element to a position adjacent the other end thereof, the respective elements being mounted one upon the other with their slits in vertical alignment, and having their open ends laterally spaced one from the other and facing in opposing directions, means for supporting a mandrel on the uppermost of said elements, the elements being successively loosely mounted on a strand of hair, the mandrel being wound with the hair from its free end towards the scalp, whereby the elements are moved by the mandrel towards the scalp and the Wrapper being of conformation to envelope the mandrel carrying the wound hair, a mandrel support on the uppermost of the elements, and a member for simultaneously clamping the wrapper about the mandrel and the upper element to the hair.

` 10. A hair Waving assemblage such as claimed in claim 3, having sheet metal mandrel supporting means comprising a cradle mounted on an upstanding flat portion attached thereto at each end of the slit, with the at portions of the supporting element extending lengthwise of the slit, so that the wrapper extending about the wound tress carried on the mandrel in the cradle closes tightly.

11. For use in permanently waving the hair, a scalp protector adapted for a single use and comprising, substantially rigid paper-like elements each being provided with a longitudinal slit extending from one end thereof to a point adjacent the other end, and superimposed one above the other with their slits in Vertical alignment, to receive a tress of hair, the open end of the slit of one element being disposed adjacent the closed end of the slit of the other element, thereby to maintain the tress of hair in Vertical alignment and against lateral displacement.

12. A scalp protector, such as claimed in claim 1l, wherein one of the substantially rigid paperlike elements has upstanding flanges extending along opposite sides of the slits thereof to receive a clamp for securing the protector to the hair.

13. For use in permanently waving the hair, a scalp protector adapted for a single use and comprising, substantially rigid paper-like elements, each being provided With a longitudinal slit extending from one end thereof to a point adjacent the other, and superimposed one above the other with their1 slits in Vertical alignment to receive a tress of hair, the open end of the slit of one element being disposed adjacent the closed end of the slit of the other element, upstanding flanges extending along opposite sides of the slits of one of said elements, a mandrel about which the hair is wound, a wrapper about the wound hair, and a clamp pressing the ends of the wrapper and the flanges towards the interposed hair.

EMILE J. YVEN. 

